Source code
vulnerability
report

Hacker AI is powered by AckViz team



Analysis of English DVWA

Automated systems can produce false negatives; manual analysis by a cybersecurity expert is vital for distinguishing false negatives, especially in business-sensitive contexts. Click here to arrange a brief meeting with a specialist who can assist you in these tasks and perform a more in-depth static and dynamic analysis. Join our Discord server to get in touch with our team.
2023-03-22T06:53:25.975050 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.1, https://matplotlib.org/ 2023-03-22T06:53:26.152295 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.1, https://matplotlib.org/


SQL Injection -> Unnamed DVWA-master/dvwa/includes/DBMS/MySQL.php:21 

$drop_db = "DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS {$_DVWA[ 'db_database' ]};";
if( !@mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $drop_db ) ) {
	dvwaMessagePush( "Could not drop existing database<br />SQL: " . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) );
	dvwaPageReload();
}
$create_db = "CREATE DATABASE {$_DVWA[ 'db_database' ]};";
if( !@mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $create_db ) ) {
	dvwaMessagePush( "Could not create database<br />SQL: " . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) );
	dvwaPageReload();
}
dvwaMessagePush( "Database has been created." );
SQL Injection
CWE ID CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Description The code is vulnerable to SQL injection due to the direct use of user-controlled input in SQL queries without proper sanitization or parameterization.
Remediation Use prepared statements with parameterized queries to prevent SQL injection. Alternatively, sanitize and validate user input before using it in SQL queries.
Critical Vulnerability: Hardcoded Credentials -> Unnamed DVWA-master/dvwa/includes/DBMS/MySQL.php:50 

$base_dir= str_replace ("setup.php", "", $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']);
$avatarUrl  = $base_dir . 'hackable/users/';
$insert = "INSERT INTO users VALUES
	('1','admin','admin','admin',MD5('password'),'{$avatarUrl}admin.jpg', NOW(), '0'),
	('2','Gordon','Brown','gordonb',MD5('abc123'),'{$avatarUrl}gordonb.jpg', NOW(), '0'),
	('3','Hack','Me','1337',MD5('charley'),'{$avatarUrl}1337.jpg', NOW(), '0'),
	('4','Pablo','Picasso','pablo',MD5('letmein'),'{$avatarUrl}pablo.jpg', NOW(), '0'),
	('5','Bob','Smith','smithy',MD5('password'),'{$avatarUrl}smithy.jpg', NOW(), '0');";
if( !mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $insert ) ) {
	dvwaMessagePush( "Data could not be inserted into 'users' table<br />SQL: " . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) );
	dvwaPageReload();
}
dvwaMessagePush( "Data inserted into 'users' table." );
Critical Vulnerability: Hardcoded Credentials
CWE ID CWE-798: Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Description The code contains hardcoded credentials for multiple users, including the admin user. This exposes the application to unauthorized access and potential data breaches.
Remediation Remove the hardcoded credentials and implement a secure authentication system, such as OAuth or JWT. Store user credentials securely using password hashing algorithms like bcrypt or Argon2.
SQL Injection -> Unnamed DVWA-master/vulnerabilities/brute/source/high.php:0 

<?php
if( isset( $_GET[ 'Login' ] ) ) {
	// Check Anti-CSRF token
	checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );

	// Sanitise username input
	$user = $_GET[ 'username' ];
	$user = stripslashes( $user );
	$user = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $user ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));

	// Sanitise password input
	$pass = $_GET[ 'password' ];
	$pass = stripslashes( $pass );
	$pass = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
	$pass = md5( $pass );

	// Check database
	$query  = "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE user = '$user' AND password = '$pass';";
	$result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

	if( $result && mysqli_num_rows( $result ) == 1 ) {
		// Get users details
		$row    = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result );
		$avatar = $row["avatar"];

		// Login successful
		$html .= "<p>Welcome to the password protected area {$user}</p>";
		$html .= "<img src=\"{$avatar}\" />";
	}
	else {
		// Login failed
		sleep( rand( 0, 3 ) );
		$html .= "<pre><br />Username and/or password incorrect.</pre>";
	}

	((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}
SQL Injection
CWE ID CWE-89
Description The code is vulnerable to SQL injection due to the use of unsanitized user input in the SQL query.
Remediation Use prepared statements and parameterized queries to prevent SQL injection.
SQL Injection -> Unnamed DVWA-master/vulnerabilities/brute/source/low.php:0 

<?php
if( isset( $_GET[ 'Login' ] ) ) {
	// Get username
	$user = $_GET[ 'username' ];

	// Get password
	$pass = $_GET[ 'password' ];
	$pass = md5( $pass );

	// Check the database
	$query  = "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE user = '$user' AND password = '$pass';";
	$result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

	if( $result && mysqli_num_rows( $result ) == 1 ) {
		// Get users details
		$row    = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result );
		$avatar = $row["avatar"];

		// Login successful
		$html .= "<p>Welcome to the password protected area {$user}</p>";
		$html .= "<img src=\"{$avatar}\" />";
	}
	else {
		// Login failed
		$html .= "<pre><br />Username and/or password incorrect.</pre>";
	}

	((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}
SQL Injection
CWE ID CWE-89
Description The code is vulnerable to SQL injection attacks due to the unsafe use of user input in the SQL query.
Remediation Use prepared statements and parameterized queries to prevent SQL injection attacks.
SQL Injection -> Unnamed DVWA-master/vulnerabilities/brute/source/medium.php:0 

<?php
if( isset( $_GET[ 'Login' ] ) ) {
	// Sanitise username input
	$user = $_GET[ 'username' ];
	$user = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $user ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));

	// Sanitise password input
	$pass = $_GET[ 'password' ];
	$pass = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
	$pass = md5( $pass );

	// Check the database
	$query  = "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE user = '$user' AND password = '$pass';";
	$result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

	if( $result && mysqli_num_rows( $result ) == 1 ) {
		// Get users details
		$row    = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result );
		$avatar = $row["avatar"];

		// Login successful
		$html .= "<p>Welcome to the password protected area {$user}</p>";
		$html .= "<img src=\"{$avatar}\" />";
	}
	else {
		// Login failed
		sleep( 2 );
		$html .= "<pre><br />Username and/or password incorrect.</pre>";
	}

	((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}
SQL Injection
CWE ID CWE-89
Description The code is vulnerable to SQL injection attacks due to the use of unsanitized user input in the SQL query.
Remediation Use prepared statements and parameterized queries to prevent SQL injection attacks.
Insecure Password Storage -> Unnamed DVWA-master/vulnerabilities/captcha/source/impossible.php:0 

<?php
if( isset( $_POST[ 'Change' ] ) ) {
	// Check Anti-CSRF token
	checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );

	// Hide the CAPTCHA form
	$hide_form = true;

	// Get input
	$pass_new  = $_POST[ 'password_new' ];
	$pass_new  = stripslashes( $pass_new );
	$pass_new  = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
	$pass_new  = md5( $pass_new );

	$pass_conf = $_POST[ 'password_conf' ];
	$pass_conf = stripslashes( $pass_conf );
	$pass_conf = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_conf ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
	$pass_conf = md5( $pass_conf );

	$pass_curr = $_POST[ 'password_current' ];
	$pass_curr = stripslashes( $pass_curr );
	$pass_curr = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_curr ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
	$pass_curr = md5( $pass_curr );

	// Check CAPTCHA from 3rd party
	$resp = recaptcha_check_answer(
		$_DVWA[ 'recaptcha_private_key' ],
		$_POST['g-recaptcha-response']
	);

	// Did the CAPTCHA fail?
	if( !$resp ) {
		// What happens when the CAPTCHA was entered incorrectly
		$html .= "<pre><br />The CAPTCHA was incorrect. Please try again.</pre>";
		$hide_form = false;
	}
	else {
		// Check that the current password is correct
		$data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT password FROM users WHERE user = (:user) AND password = (:password) LIMIT 1;' );
		$data->bindParam( ':user', dvwaCurrentUser(), PDO::PARAM_STR );
		$data->bindParam( ':password', $pass_curr, PDO::PARAM_STR );
		$data->execute();

		// Do both new password match and was the current password correct?
		if( ( $pass_new == $pass_conf) && ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) ) {
			// Update the database
			$data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET password = (:password) WHERE user = (:user);' );
			$data->bindParam( ':password', $pass_new, PDO::PARAM_STR );
			$data->bindParam( ':user', dvwaCurrentUser(), PDO::PARAM_STR );
			$data->execute();

			// Feedback for the end user - success!
			$html .= "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";
		}
		else {
			// Feedback for the end user - failed!
			$html .= "<pre>Either your current password is incorrect or the new passwords did not match.<br />Please try again.</pre>";
			$hide_form = false;
		}
	}
}
Insecure Password Storage
CWE ID CWE-916: Use of Password Hashing without Salt
Description The code uses the MD5 hashing algorithm to store passwords, which is considered insecure due to its vulnerability to brute-force and collision attacks.
Remediation Replace the MD5 hashing algorithm with a more secure password hashing algorithm, such as bcrypt, Argon2, or scrypt. Additionally, consider using a unique salt for each user to further increase security.
Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) -> Unnamed DVWA-master/vulnerabilities/csrf/source/low.php:0 

<?php
if( isset( $_GET[ 'Change' ] ) ) {
	// Get input
	$pass_new  = $_GET[ 'password_new' ];
	$pass_conf = $_GET[ 'password_conf' ];

	// Do the passwords match?
	if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) {
		// They do!
		$pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
		$pass_new = md5( $pass_new );

		// Update the database
		$insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "';";
		$result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $insert ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

		// Feedback for the user
		$html .= "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";
	}
	else {
		// Issue with passwords matching
		$html .= "<pre>Passwords did not match.</pre>";
	}

	((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}
Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR)
CWE ID CWE-639
Description The code allows an attacker to change the password of any user without proper authorization checks.
Remediation Implement proper access controls and authorization checks to ensure that only authorized users can change their own passwords.
Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) -> Unnamed DVWA-master/vulnerabilities/csrf/source/medium.php:0 

<?php
if( isset( $_GET[ 'Change' ] ) ) {
	// Checks to see where the request came from
	if( stripos( $_SERVER[ 'HTTP_REFERER' ] ,$_SERVER[ 'SERVER_NAME' ]) !== false ) {
		// Get input
		$pass_new  = $_GET[ 'password_new' ];
		$pass_conf = $_GET[ 'password_conf' ];

		// Do the passwords match?
		if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) {
			// They do!
			$pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
			$pass_new = md5( $pass_new );

			// Update the database
			$insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "';";
			$result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $insert ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

			// Feedback for the user
			$html .= "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";
		}
		else {
			// Issue with passwords matching
			$html .= "<pre>Passwords did not match.</pre>";
		}
	}
	else {
		// Didn't come from a trusted source
		$html .= "<pre>That request didn't look correct.</pre>";
	}

	((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}
Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR)
CWE ID CWE-639
Description The code allows an attacker to change the password of any user by manipulating the 'user' parameter in the SQL query.
Remediation Implement proper access controls and verify the user's identity before allowing them to change their password.
Command Injection -> Unnamed DVWA-master/vulnerabilities/exec/source/high.php:0 

<?php
if( isset( $_POST[ 'Submit' ]  ) ) {
	// Get input
	$target = trim($_REQUEST[ 'ip' ]);

	// Set blacklist
	$substitutions = array(
		'&'  => '',
		';'  => '',
		'| ' => '',
		'-'  => '',
		'$'  => '',
		'('  => '',
		')'  => '',
		'`'  => '',
		'||' => '',
	);

	// Remove any of the characters in the array (blacklist).
	$target = str_replace( array_keys( $substitutions ), $substitutions, $target );

	// Determine OS and execute the ping command.
	if( stristr( php_uname( 's' ), 'Windows NT' ) ) {
		// Windows
		$cmd = shell_exec( 'ping  ' . $target );
	}
	else {
		// *nix
		$cmd = shell_exec( 'ping  -c 4 ' . $target );
	}

	// Feedback for the end user
	$html .= "<pre>{$cmd}</pre>";
}
Command Injection
CWE ID CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Description The code is vulnerable to command injection due to the use of user-controlled input in the 'shell_exec' function without proper sanitization.
Remediation Use a proper input validation and sanitization method, such as 'escapeshellarg', to prevent command injection. Alternatively, consider using a safer alternative to 'shell_exec', such as a built-in PHP function for pinging.
Command Injection -> Unnamed DVWA-master/vulnerabilities/exec/source/impossible.php:0 

<?php
if( isset( $_POST[ 'Submit' ]  ) ) {
	// Check Anti-CSRF token
	checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );

	// Get input
	$target = $_REQUEST[ 'ip' ];
	$target = stripslashes( $target );

	// Split the IP into 4 octects
	$octet = explode( ".", $target );

	// Check IF each octet is an integer
	if( ( is_numeric( $octet[0] ) ) && ( is_numeric( $octet[1] ) ) && ( is_numeric( $octet[2] ) ) && ( is_numeric( $octet[3] ) ) && ( sizeof( $octet ) == 4 ) ) {
		// If all 4 octets are int's put the IP back together.
		$target = $octet[0] . '.' . $octet[1] . '.' . $octet[2] . '.' . $octet[3];

		// Determine OS and execute the ping command.
		if( stristr( php_uname( 's' ), 'Windows NT' ) ) {
			// Windows
			$cmd = shell_exec( 'ping  ' . $target );
		}
		else {
			// *nix
			$cmd = shell_exec( 'ping  -c 4 ' . $target );
		}

		// Feedback for the end user
		$html .= "<pre>{$cmd}</pre>";
	}
	else {
		// Ops. Let the user name theres a mistake
		$html .= '<pre>ERROR: You have entered an invalid IP.</pre>';
	}
}
Command Injection
CWE ID CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Description The code is vulnerable to command injection due to the use of shell_exec() function with unsanitized user input.
Remediation Sanitize user input before using it in shell_exec() function, or use a safer alternative to execute the command.
Command Injection -> Unnamed DVWA-master/vulnerabilities/exec/source/medium.php:0 

<?php
if( isset( $_POST[ 'Submit' ]  ) ) {
	// Get input
	$target = $_REQUEST[ 'ip' ];

	// Set blacklist
	$substitutions = array(
		'&&' => '',
		';'  => '',
	);

	// Remove any of the charactars in the array (blacklist).
	$target = str_replace( array_keys( $substitutions ), $substitutions, $target );

	// Determine OS and execute the ping command.
	if( stristr( php_uname( 's' ), 'Windows NT' ) ) {
		// Windows
		$cmd = shell_exec( 'ping  ' . $target );
	}
	else {
		// *nix
		$cmd = shell_exec( 'ping  -c 4 ' . $target );
	}

	// Feedback for the end user
	$html .= "<pre>{$cmd}</pre>";
}
Command Injection
CWE ID CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Description The code is vulnerable to command injection due to the use of user-controlled input in the 'shell_exec' function without proper sanitization.
Remediation Use a proper input validation and sanitization method to prevent command injection. Consider using built-in PHP functions like 'escapeshellarg' to escape user input before passing it to the 'shell_exec' function.
Insecure MD5 Hashing -> Unnamed DVWA-master/vulnerabilities/javascript/source/low.php:0 

<?php
$page[ 'body' ] .= <<<EOF
<script>

/*
MD5 code from here
https://github.com/blueimp/JavaScript-MD5
*/

!function(n){"use strict";function t(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function r(n,t){return n<<t|n>>>32-t}function e(n,e,o,u,c,f){return t(r(t(t(e,n),t(u,f)),c),o)}function o(n,t,r,o,u,c,f){return e(t&r|~t&o,n,t,u,c,f)}function u(n,t,r,o,u,c,f){return e(t&o|r&~o,n,t,u,c,f)}function c(n,t,r,o,u,c,f){return e(t^r^o,n,t,u,c,f)}function f(n,t,r,o,u,c,f){return e(r^(t|~o),n,t,u,c,f)}function i(n,r){n[r>>5]|=128<<r%32,n[14+(r+64>>>9<<4)]=r;var e,i,a,d,h,l=1732584193,g=-271733879,v=-1732584194,m=271733878;for(e=0;e<n.length;e+=16)i=l,a=g,d=v,h=m,g=f(g=f(g=f(g=f(g=c(g=c(g=c(g=c(g=u(g=u(g=u(g=u(g=o(g=o(g=o(g=o(g,v=o(v,m=o(m,l=o(l,g,v,m,n[e],7,-680876936),g,v,n[e+1],12,-389564586),l,g,n[e+2],17,606105819),m,l,n[e+3],22,-1044525330),v=o(v,m=o(m,l=o(l,g,v,m,n[e+4],7,-176418897),g,v,n[e+5],12,1200080426),l,g,n[e+6],17,-1473231341),m,l,n[e+7],22,-45705983),v=o(v,m=o(m,l=o(l,g,v,m,n[e+8],7,1770035416),g,v,n[e+9],12,-1958414417),l,g,n[e+10],17,-42063),m,l,n[e+11],22,-1990404162),v=o(v,m=o(m,l=o(l,g,v,m,n[e+12],7,1804603682),g,v,n[e+13],12,-40341101),l,g,n[e+14],17,-1502002290),m,l,n[e+15],22,1236535329),v=u(v,m=u(m,l=u(l,g,v,m,n[e+1],5,-165796510),g,v,n[e+6],9,-1069501632),l,g,n[e+11],14,643717713),m,l,n[e],20,-373897302),v=u(v,m=u(m,l=u(l,g,v,m,n[e+5],5,-701558691),g,v,n[e+10],9,38016083),l,g,n[e+15],14,-660478335),m,l,n[e+4],20,-405537848),v=u(v,m=u(m,l=u(l,g,v,m,n[e+9],5,568446438),g,v,n[e+14],9,-1019803690),l,g,n[e+3],14,-187363961),m,l,n[e+8],20,1163531501),v=u(v,m=u(m,l=u(l,g,v,m,n[e+13],5,-1444681467),g,v,n[e+2],9,-51403784),l,g,n[e+7],14,1735328473),m,l,n[e+12],20,-1926607734),v=c(v,m=c(m,l=c(l,g,v,m,n[e+5],4,-378558),g,v,n[e+8],11,-2022574463),l,g,n[e+11],16,1839030562),m,l,n[e+14],23,-35309556),v=c(v,m=c(m,l=c(l,g,v,m,n[e+1],4,-1530992060),g,v,n[e+4],11,1272893353),l,g,n[e+7],16,-155497632),m,l,n[e+10],23,-1094730640),v=c(v,m=c(m,l=c(l,g,v,m,n[e+13],4,681279174),g,v,n[e],11,-358537222),l,g,n[e+3],16,-722521979),m,l,n[e+6],23,76029189),v=c(v,m=c(m,l=c(l,g,v,m,n[e+9],4,-640364487),g,v,n[e+12],11,-421815835),l,g,n[e+15],16,530742520),m,l,n[e+2],23,-995338651),v=f(v,m=f(m,l=f(l,g,v,m,n[e],6,-198630844),g,v,n[e+7],10,1126891415),l,g,n[e+14],15,-1416354905),m,l,n[e+5],21,-57434055),v=f(v,m=f(m,l=f(l,g,v,m,n[e+12],6,1700485571),g,v,n[e+3],10,-1894986606),l,g,n[e+10],15,-1051523),m,l,n[e+1],21,-2054922799),v=f(v,m=f(m,l=f(l,g,v,m,n[e+8],6,1873313359),g,v,n[e+15],10,-30611744),l,g,n[e+6],15,-1560198380),m,l,n[e+13],21,1309151649),v=f(v,m=f(m,l=f(l,g,v,m,n[e+4],6,-145523070),g,v,n[e+11],10,-1120210379),l,g,n[e+2],15,718787259),m,l,n[e+9],21,-343485551),l=t(l,i),g=t(g,a),v=t(v,d),m=t(m,h);return[l,g,v,m]}function a(n){var t,r="",e=32*n.length;for(t=0;t<e;t+=8)r+=String.fromCharCode(n[t>>5]>>>t%32&255);return r}function d(n){var t,r=[];for(r[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,t=0;t<r.length;t+=1)r[t]=0;var e=8*n.length;for(t=0;t<e;t+=8)r[t>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(t/8))<<t%32;return r}function h(n){return a(i(d(n),8*n.length))}function l(n,t){var r,e,o=d(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,o.length>16&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(d(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}function g(n){var t,r,e="";for(r=0;r<n.length;r+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(r),e+="0123456789abcdef".charAt(t>>>4&15)+"0123456789abcdef".charAt(15&t);return e}function v(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function m(n){return h(v(n))}function p(n){return g(m(n))}function s(n,t){return l(v(n),v(t))}function C(n,t){return g(s(n,t))}function A(n,t,r){return t?r?s(t,n):C(t,n):r?m(n):p(n)}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return A}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=A:n.md5=A}(this);

	function rot13(inp) {
		return inp.replace(/[a-zA-Z]/g,function(c){return String.fromCharCode((c<="Z"?90:122)>=(c=c.charCodeAt(0)+13)?c:c-26);});
	}

	function generate_token() {
		var phrase = document.getElementById("phrase").value;
		document.getElementById("token").value = md5(rot13(phrase));
	}

	generate_token();
</script>
EOF;
Insecure MD5 Hashing
CWE ID CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Description The code uses the MD5 hashing algorithm, which is considered insecure due to its vulnerability to collision attacks.
Remediation Replace the MD5 hashing algorithm with a more secure hashing algorithm, such as SHA-256 or SHA-3.
Critical Vulnerability: Open HTTP Redirect -> Unnamed DVWA-master/vulnerabilities/open_redirect/index.php:0 

<?php
define( 'DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT', '../../' );
require_once DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . 'dvwa/includes/dvwaPage.inc.php';
dvwaPageStartup( array( 'authenticated' ) );
$page = dvwaPageNewGrab();
$page[ 'title' ]   = 'Vulnerability: Open HTTP Redirect' . $page[ 'title_separator' ].$page[ 'title' ];
$page[ 'page_id' ] = 'open_redirect';
$page[ 'help_button' ]   = 'open_redirect';
$page[ 'source_button' ] = 'open_redirect';
dvwaDatabaseConnect();
switch( dvwaSecurityLevelGet() ) {
	case 'low':
		$link1 = "source/low.php?redirect=info.php?id=1";
		$link2 = "source/low.php?redirect=info.php?id=2";
		break;
	case 'medium':
		$link1 = "source/medium.php?redirect=info.php?id=1";
		$link2 = "source/medium.php?redirect=info.php?id=2";
		break;
	case 'high':
		$link1 = "source/high.php?redirect=info.php?id=1";
		$link2 = "source/high.php?redirect=info.php?id=2";
		break;
	default:
		$link1 = "source/impossible.php?redirect=1";
		$link2 = "source/impossible.php?redirect=2";
		break;
}
Critical Vulnerability: Open HTTP Redirect
CWE ID CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Description The code contains an open HTTP redirect vulnerability, which allows an attacker to redirect users to arbitrary URLs. This can be used for phishing attacks or to redirect users to malicious websites.
Remediation To fix this vulnerability, validate and sanitize the 'redirect' parameter to ensure it only allows redirection to trusted URLs within the application. Additionally, consider implementing a token-based approach to validate the redirection request.
Open HTTP Redirect Vulnerability -> Unnamed DVWA-master/vulnerabilities/open_redirect/index.php:33 

$page[ 'body' ] .= "
<div class=\"body_padded\">
	<h1>Vulnerability: Open HTTP Redirect</h1>

	<div class=\"vulnerable_code_area\">
		<h2>Hacker History</h2>
		<p>
			Here are two links to some famous hacker quotes, see if you can hack them.
		</p>
		<ul>
			<li><a href='{$link1}'>Quote 1</a></li>
			<li><a href='{$link2}'>Quote 2</a></li>
		</ul>
		{$html}
	</div>

	<h2>More Information</h2>
	<ul>
		<li>" . dvwaExternalLinkUrlGet( 'https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Unvalidated_Redirects_and_Forwards_Cheat_Sheet.html', "OWASP Unvalidated Redirects and Forwards Cheat Sheet" ) . "</li>
		<li>" . dvwaExternalLinkUrlGet( 'https://owasp.org/www-project-web-security-testing-guide/stable/4-Web_Application_Security_Testing/11-Client-side_Testing/04-Testing_for_Client-side_URL_Redirect', "WSTG - Testing for Client-side URL Redirect") . "</li>
		<li>" . dvwaExternalLinkUrlGet( 'https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html', "Mitre - CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')" ) . "</li>
	</ul>
</div>\n";
Open HTTP Redirect Vulnerability
CWE ID CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Description The code contains an open HTTP redirect vulnerability, which allows an attacker to redirect users to untrusted sites.
Remediation Validate and sanitize user input, and avoid using user input directly in the 'href' attribute of the anchor tags. Implement a whitelist of allowed URLs for redirection.